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Wallace Smith ( December 30, 1888 - January 31, 1937) was a book illustrator, comic artist, reporter, author, and screenwriter. Wallace was one of the finest artists in the newspapers business and switched back and forth between cartooning and writing. He became Washington correspondent for the Chicago American at the age of 20, remaining with that newspaper for over a decade. According to the book ''The Madhouse on Madison Street,''〔 〕 Smith was "one of the most colorful reporters who ever worked for the Hearst papers," and was born with the last name of Schmidt, which he changed to Smith during World War I. He was sent to Mexico and did illustrated reporting on several campaigns of Pancho Villa against the Carranza regime.〔 〕 In 1920 he originated the Joe Blow comic panel feature for the Chicago American.〔 〕 In 1921-22 he was assigned to California to cover the Roscoe Arbuckle trials and the William Desmond Taylor murder case.〔 〕 The articles bylined by Smith (for the Chicago American) and Eddie Doherty (for the Chicago Tribune) were so inflammatory that Under-Sheriff Eugene W. Biscailuz, fearing for their safety, offered to provide them each with a bodyguard, but they both declined. 〔 〕 In 1923–1924 he contributed with his illustrations (using the nickname "Vulgus") for The Chicago Literary Times, a magazine done in the format and style of a tabloid scandal sheet, co founded by Ben Hech and Maxwell Bodenheim with whom he previously collaborated illustrating their books. Smith moved to Hollywood embarking on successful, decade-long, screenplay-writing career. His services were in high demand - he wrote or contributed to twenty-six screenplays, often enhancing them with detailed scene sketches. Smith's work included screen adaptations of his novels ''The Captain Hates the Sea'' and The Gay Desperado and also ''Two Arabian Knights'', ''The Lost Squadron'', ''Friends and Lovers''.〔 〕 In 1935, Smith's novel Bessie Cotter about a prostitute's life on the streets of Chicago was judged indecent in England and the publisher fined the equivalent of $1,000. It was published a year earlier in the United States. He died of a heart attack in his home in Hollywood on January 31, 1937, and was survived by his wife, Echo Smith. His archival papers are at the University of Oregon.〔 〕 The papers include Smith's manuscripts and published pieces, minor correspondence, drawings and illustrations, photographs, and miscellaneous documents. ==Fantazius Mallare censorship and illustration art== Returning to Chicago, Smith provided the illustrations for Ben Hecht's controversial novel ''Fantazius Mallare: a Mysterious Oath,'' which resulted in a $1,000 fine for obscenity in U.S. District Court for both Hecht and Smith. 〔 〕 A novel of decadence and mystic existentialism, Fantazius Mallare is a story of a mad recluse--a genius sculptor and painter who is at war with reason. Rather than commit suicide, his doting madness dictates that he must revolt against all evidence of life that exists outside himself. He destroys all of his work and then seeks out a woman who will devote herself to his Omnipotence. What follows is a glorious trek into a horrifying enlightening insanity. "Neither Hecht nor Smith were much known outside Chicago when they teamed up to produce a book that got them international attention. It was "Fantazius Mallare", a weird story of a mad man and it was illustrated in full page line drawings that were as fantastic as the story. There is no question that the book was filled with strong writing and stronger pictures, but the strength sometimes ran to the kind that comes from the cesspool. Frankness pranced straight into vulgarity, at times and that got the boys into a jam with the postal authorities. About 1,000 copies that were in the mails were seized and Hecht and Smith had to stand trial. Both were fined." 〔 〕 "Smith was said by Ronald Clyne to have gone to jail for the Mallare artwork, but apparently this was an exaggeration - he and Hecht were, however, fined $1000 each for "obscenity"; and $1000 was quite a lot of money in 1924. The particular points it is curious about where were the rest of the Wallace Smith artwork - he could hardly have developed that style in the handful of drawings that have been published; and what happened to the copies of Fantazius Mallare seized by the US government - the book did not seem to be as scarce as would have been expected if they had seized even half of the 2000-copy edition. MacAdams was able to answer this last question to some extent - after the obscenity conviction, the publisher made another 2000 copies and sold them `under the counter'. It should be noted that Hecht and Smith went to a great deal of trouble to have themselves convicted of obscenity. They had wanted to create a test case of the federal obscenity law and have a show trial in order to turn public opinion against it by ridicule. Hecht also intended to enter a million-dollar civil suit for defamation of character against John Sumner and his infamous Society for the Suppression of Vice if Sumner attacked his book. The famous Clarence Darrow was to have been their attorney. The plan was to send review copies of Fantazius Mallare to all of the literary lights of the time, and then have Darrow call these people as expert witnesses at the trial. Alas, the scheme foundered on the unforeseen pusillanimity of the literary establishment - only H. L. Mencken agreed to appear as a witness. In the end there was no trial because Hecht and Smith endered a plea of nolo contendere. The character Fantazius Mallare is said to be a sort of Hecht alter-ego - he appears again in the sequel, The Kingdom of Evil (illustrated by the much inferior artist Anthony Angarola), and in 1935 Hecht wrote and directed a film, The Scoundrel, in which Noel Coward plays Mallare." 〔 〕 In 1926, after moving to Hollywood from Chicago, he presented the silent film star Rod La Rocque with a copy of Fantazius Mallare, a decadent novel written by Ben Hecht, Smith's friend and fellow newspaperman at the Chicago Daily News. But Smith knew Hecht as a decadent novelist, and he knew Fantazius Mallare especially well because he had illustrated Hecht's depraved tale with ten fantastic, Beardleyesque drawings, several of them depicting the sterile orgies of the novel's deluded, reclusive hero. Rod La Rocque must have meant a lot to Wallace Smith, as the inscription he wrote to the star implies: "For Rod La Rocque -who has a thousand masks for his face -but, thank Christ, never an one for his heart.". As further token of his admiration, Smith hand-colored a number of the drawings in the book he gave to the celebrated screen idol. 〔 〕 File:Fantazius Mallare - Second Drawing.jpg|Fantazius Mallare - Second Drawing File:Fantazius Mallare - Third Drawing.jpg|Fantazius Mallare - Third Drawing File:Fantazius Mallare - Fourth Drawing.jpg|Fantazius Mallare - Fourth Drawing File:Fantazius Mallare - Fifth Drawing.jpg|Fantazius Mallare - Fifth Drawing File:Fantazius Mallare - Sixth Drawing.jpg|Fantazius Mallare - Sixth Drawing File:Fantazius Mallare - Seventh Drawing.jpg|Fantazius Mallare - Seventh Drawing File:Fantazius Mallare - Eighth Drawing.jpg|Fantazius Mallare - Eighth Drawing File:Fantazius Mallare - Ninth Drawing.jpg|Fantazius Mallare - Ninth Drawing File:Fantazius Mallare's Crucifixion.jpg|Fantazius Mallare - Tenth Drawing File:Fantazius Mallare Cover.jpg|Fantazius Mallare - Book Cover At this time he also did illustrations for other books, designed book jackets, frontispieces and end papers. In 1923 he illustrated ''The Florentine Dagger'' by Ben Hecht, and frontispieces for ''Blackguard'' by Maxwell Bodenheim and ''The Shining Pyramid'' by Arthur Machen. File:Florentine Dagger Cover.jpg|Florentine Dagger Cover File:Florentine Dagger Frontispiece.jpg|thumb|Florentine Dagger Frontispiece File:Florentine Dagger - First Drawing.jpg|Florentine Dagger - First Drawing File:Florentine Dagger - Second Drawing.jpg|Florentine Dagger - Second Drawing File:Florentine Dagger - Third Drawing.jpg|Florentine Dagger - Third Drawing File:Florentine Dagger - Fourth Drawing.jpg|Florentine Dagger - Fourth Drawing File:Florentine Dagger - Ending Page Decoration.jpg|Florentine Dagger - Ending Page Decoration File:Blackguard Cover.jpg|Blackguard Cover design File:Blackguard Frontispiece.jpg|Blackguard Frontispiece File:The Shining Pyramid Book Cover.jpg|The Shining Pyramid Book Cover File:The Shining Pyramid Frontispiece.jpg|The Shining Pyramid Frontispiece His early 20's illustrations show Smith's extraordinary pen skills. Dark and obscure, expressionist and linear, dominated by large black fields they reveal influences of later heritage of Beardsley and Harry Clarke at same time his very distinguishable character. During his assignments in Mexico, Smith closely observed the peasants for whom Pancho Villa waged war. In his 1923 book, ''The Little Tigress: Tales Out of the Dust of Mexico'', he wrote sympathetically about their plight and brought them to life in his trademark stark black-and-white drawings. In the next few years he wrote short stories published in a variety of magazines including Liberty, The American Magazine, and Blue Book Magazine. 〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wallace Smith (illustrator)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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